Although there are many different hydrogen production types including black, pink, turquoise, and yellow, the most common type is from “grey” sources (95%). The steam/methane reforming process is used to convert natural gas or methane into hydrogen. A pollutant by-product of this process is CO₂.

Flare gas stacks and combustors are used in many industries including oil & gas, industrial, biogas, and wastewater treatment. These systems are important for burning waste gases produced during operations such as drilling, chemical processing, or biogas reclamation.

In some locations, drilling for oil or natural gas releases hydrocarbon gases that can’t be captured and used, so a gas flare or combustor is needed to relieve excess pressure in the system. Flaring is also used during construction, testing, and maintenance of newly drilled wells or fracking sites.

Digesters used in landfills or wastewater facilities break down waste and produce methane and carbon dioxide, two greenhouse gases (GHGs) that are typically flared, collected for use as a fuel gas in equipment used at the facility, or stored for sale. Flares burn the biogas or waste gases to minimize harmful GHG emissions when flaring becomes necessary due to pressure release events. 

Portable flowmeter for liquids, gases, thermal energy and steam

With the new FLUXUS G601 ST, FLEXIM presents the world’s only portable flowmeter for steam. The clamp-on ultrasonic system is also suited for non-invasive flow measurement of virtually any liquid and gas and for recording thermal energy flows.

The accuracy of a thermal mass flow meter is dependent upon the technology type and the quality of the materials used for the meter’s sensor design. A well-designed sensor is made to measure flow accurately over a long period of time with minimal drift, independent of recalibration and calibration validation diagnostics. For a thermal mass flow meter, the materials used in the manufacture of the sensor play a vital role in the overall performance of the sensor. The materials must create the best environment for heat transfer - the essential principle of thermal mass flow measurement - or the accuracy and response time suffer.

Ski resorts in North America depend on snowfall for enthusiasts to enjoy winter sports such as skiing and snowboarding. However, when nature does not cooperate, artificial snow is required to maintain the base level. Artificial snow consists of small particles of ice that are used to increase the snowpack. It is produced by a machine that uses a high-pressure pump to spray a mist of water into the cold air. The water droplets crystallize to form artificial snow.

Flowmeters play a critical role in today’s process world. As technology has advanced through the decades, a variety of flowmeter technologies has expanded the ways, customers, control and monitor their utilities, steam, fiscal metering, etc. Today, a few of the top flowmeters on the market are the Coriolis, magnetic, vortex, ultrasonic, differential pressure, and variable area meters. Several other technologies, such as turbine, thermal mass, and positive displacement, are also available. Since each flowmeter has positive and negative attributes, careful consideration is required to avoid purchasing a technology that is inappropriate to the application.

Measuring the flow of a fluid or gas is essential to many industrial processes. Many technologies exist to measure flow including Electromagnetic, Ultrasonic, Turbine, Vortex, Positive Displacement, Coriolis, and Thermal Mass flow meters. The ability to monitor the flow rate and flow totals from various flow meters wirelessly enables users to avoid costly conduit runs from the point of the flow measurement back to a central controller.

A study of the importance of gas composition and calibration and their effects on flow meter accuracy.